The Province of Alberta, through Alberta Municipal Affairs, is responsible for all functions of local government in the improvement districts, including the levy and collection of property taxes. The residents of Improvement District No. 4 Waterton Lakes National Park (ID4) elect representatives, who are subsequently appointed by the Minister, to an advisory council that assists in the governance of the Improvement District. The provincial and federal governments have primary governing responsibility in these areas except for school affairs.
The council, consisting of five members each, guides the activities of the improvement district CAO and staff. The formal power rests with the Minister of Municipal Affairs, but most power and responsibilities have been delegated to the ID4 Council.